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Modal Fallacy (2)

 The modal fallacy, often found in philosophical and logical discussions, involves an incorrect inference about modalities—possibilities, necessities, and impossibilities. Here's a breakdown to understand the modal fallacy better: Understanding Modality Possibility : A statement is possible if it could be true, given certain conditions. Necessity : A statement is necessary if it must be true, no matter the circumstances. Impossibility : A statement is impossible if it cannot be true under any circumstances. Modal Fallacy Explained The modal fallary typically arises when there's a confusion between different types of modality, especially mixing up necessity and possibility. Here are some common forms: 1. Confusing Necessity and Sufficiency Fallacy : Believing that if something is necessary, it must also be sufficient. Example : "To win the lottery, you must buy a ticket." While buying a ticket is necessary to win, it is not sufficient; you also need your ticket to have...

Modal Fallacy (1)

 A modal fallacy occurs when there is a logical error involving the use of modal terms such as "necessarily" (□) and "possibly" (◇). Modal logic deals with necessity and possibility, and mistakes in reasoning about these modalities often lead to modal fallacies. Here are some common types of modal fallacies and their descriptions: 1. Confusion between Necessity and Possibility This type of fallacy involves mistakenly inferring that because something is possible, it is necessarily possible, or because something is necessary, it is necessarily so in all contexts. Example : Fallacious reasoning: "It is possible for John to become president. Therefore, it is necessarily possible for John to become president." Correct reasoning: "It is possible for John to become president" only implies that there is at least one scenario in which John can become president, not that this possibility is necessary in all contexts. 2. Confusion between De Dicto and De Re...

Predestination Illustration

> So we could say that insofar as anything and everything that comes to pass, we could say that the decrees are the blueprint of all Providence exhaustively. And also we can say that insofar as salvation is concerned. Predestination is the blueprint of Providence. GEM:  Yes, that's a very accurate way to understand the relationship between these concepts in Calvinist theology. Here's a breakdown of why it works: Decrees as Blueprint for All Providence: You're right. Calvinists believe God has an eternal plan (decrees) that encompasses everything that will ever happen. This plan serves as the ultimate blueprint for God's ongoing work in the universe (providence). Just like a blueprint outlines the entire structure of a building, the decrees encompass all aspects of providence, from the smallest details to the grand sweep of history. Predestination Within the Blueprint: Within this larger blueprint, predestination acts as a specific blueprint focused on salvati...